Unix was originally meant to be a convenient platform for programmers developing software to be run on it and on other systems, rather than for non-programmers. Version 7 Unix, the Research Unix ancestor of all modern Unix systems Unix distinguishes itself from its predecessors as the first portable operating system: almost the entire operating system is written in the C programming language, which allows Unix to operate on numerous platforms.

A unified and inode-based filesystem (the Unix filesystem) and an inter-process communication mechanism known as ' pipes' serve as the main means of communication, and a shell scripting and command language (the Unix shell) is used to combine the tools to perform complex workflows. According to this philosophy, the operating system should provide a set of simple tools, each of which performs a limited, well-defined function. Unix systems are characterized by a modular design that is sometimes called the ' Unix philosophy'. The Open Group allows the use of the mark for certified operating systems that comply with the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). In the early 1990s, AT&T sold its rights in Unix to Novell, which then sold the UNIX trademark to The Open Group, an industry consortium founded in 1996. Initially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed Unix to outside parties in the late 1970s, leading to a variety of both academic and commercial Unix variants from vendors including University of California, Berkeley ( BSD), Microsoft ( Xenix), Sun Microsystems ( SunOS/ Solaris), HP/ HPE ( HP-UX), and IBM ( AIX). Unix ( / ˈ j uː n ɪ k s/ trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.

Varies some versions are proprietary, others are free/ open-source software Historically proprietary software, while some Unix projects (including BSD family and illumos) are open-sourceįirst manual published internally in November 1971 ( 1971-11) Īnnounced outside Bell Labs in October 1973 ( 1973-10) Ĭommand-line interface and Graphical ( Wayland and X Window System Android SurfaceFlinger macOS Quartz) Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna at Bell Labs Unix System III running on a PDP-11 simulator

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